Mycteria cinerea occurs in Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia and the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Sulawesi and Buton, Indonesia (BirdLife International 2001). Its population is estimated at fewer than 5,500 individuals. The majority are in Indonesia, with fewer than 5,000 on Sumatra and c.400 in west Java. A 2008-2009 survey estimated the Sumatra population at less than 1450 individuals (Iqbal in litt. 2012). There are estimated to be c.10-20 pairs at Tonle Sap lake, Cambodia (J. Eames in litt. 2006). It is a vagrant to Thailand and Vietnam. Numbers have apparently declined, at least in some parts of its range, with counts from Malaysia falling consistently from over 100 individuals in 1984, to fewer than 10 birds in 2005 (Malaysian Nature Society 2005, Li et al. 2006). Only a single wild bird was recorded in the Matang Mangrove Forest in 2010 (DWNP 2010).

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