Biodiversity of flora and fauna is very important for Indonesia. Indonesia is the world's third top mega-diversity country and contains more than 15 percent of all vertebrate species. On plant diversity, this country ranks second in the world, with 37,000 species. It ranks second in the world in mammal diversity (515 species) and similarly in mammal endemism (185 species). Indonesia has also the world's greatest marine diversity, and rivals Brazil for the single richest country on earth in terms of biological diversity.
Malaysia is the world's 14th ranking mega-diversity country; and the Philippines is the 17th.
Research and habitat protection relating biodiversity in Indonesia need to be accelerated. LIPI is among the agencies who are responsible for the biodiversity in Indonesia. Biodiversity studies is not just an ecological survey.
Over extraction of under ground water and timber in Indonesia, may caused a long term environmental effects and unrecoverable. Malay proverbs said "Beringat sebelum kena dan sesal dahulu pendapatan, sesal kemudian tidak berguna,dengar cakap orang tua, tamak macam anjing dengan bayang-bayang....dan banyak lagi"
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