Animals Used for Experimentation: Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, primates, cats, dogs, and other animals are locked inside cold, barren cages in laboratories across the country. They languish in pain, ache with loneliness, and long to roam free and use their minds. Instead, all they can do is sit and wait in fear of the next terrifying and painful procedure that will be performed on them. STILL NO MODELS TO SUBTITUTE ANIMALS BEFORE TESTING ON HUMAN.

 

 

A phosphene is a phenomenon characterized by the experience of seeing light without light actually entering the eye. The word phosphene comes from the Greek words phos (light) and phainein (to show). Phosphenes that are induced by movement or sound are often associated with optic neuritis. Phosphenes can be directly induced by mechanical, electrical, or magnetic stimulation of the retina or visual cortex as well as by random firing of cells in the visual system. Phosphenes have also been reported by meditators (commonly called nimitta), people who go for long periods without visual stimulation (also known as the prisoner's cinema), or those who are using psychedelic drugs.

 

The most common phosphenes are pressure phosphenes, caused by rubbing the closed eyes. They have been known since antiquity, and described by the Greeks.The pressure mechanically stimulates the cells of the retina. Experiences include a darkening of the visual field that moves against the rubbing, a diffuse colored patch that also moves against the rubbing, a scintillating and ever-changing and deforming light grid with occasional dark spots (like a crumpling fly-spotted flyscreen), and a sparse field of intense blue points of light. Pressure phosphenes can persist briefly after the rubbing stops and the eyes are opened, allowing the phosphenes to be seen on the visual scene. Hermann von Helmholtz and others have published drawings of their pressure phosphenes. One example of a pressure phosphene is demonstrated by gently pressing the side of one's eye and observing a colored ring of light on the opposite side, as detailed by Isaac Newton.
Another common phosphene is "seeing stars", from a sneeze, laughter, a heavy and deep cough, blowing of the nose, a blow on the head or low blood pressure (such as on standing up too quickly or prior to fainting). It is possible these involve some mechanical stimulation of the retina, but they may also involve mechanical and metabolic (such as from low oxygenation or lack of glucose) stimulation of neurons of the visual cortex or of other parts of the visual system.
Less commonly, phosphenes can also be caused by some diseases of the retina and nerves, such as multiple sclerosis. The British National Formulary lists phosphenes as an occasional side effect of at least one anti-anginal medication^{[citation needed]} (available only by medical prescription in the United Kingdom). In some cases, phosphenes can be produced by movement of the retina inside the eye, for example in cases of retinal detachment.

one example of criteria for Employment as and promotion to professor

 Employment as and promotion to professor 

Research expertise should have been demonstrated through extensive research at a high level. The applicant’s research publications should be of high quality and published in reputable, peer-reviewed national and international journals and/or by reputable publishers in the form that is common within the relevant discipline.

 

Furthermore, the research expertise should have been demonstrated by the applicant’s national and international activity in the field of employment, for example, as guest lecturer, reviewer and/or opponent.

 

The applicant should have initiated and conduct active research. Furthermore, the applicant should have received research grants in national or international competition from research councils, foundations, etc.

 

The applicant should have demonstrated academic leadership and have documented experience of managing research.

 

Teaching expertise should have been demonstrated through extensive teaching and course development of high quality. Teaching should have been conducted to no small extent in all education cycles (first, second and third cycle).

 

The applicant should demonstrate documented experience of extensive individual supervision, including supervision of degree projects.

 

The applicant should demonstrate documented experience of teaching in the third cycle, as well as of being the principal supervisor for at least one research student who has obtained a PhD.

Usually people have Car Boot Sale to get rid of their old things at home. This time we gave free to those who needed. Very good respond and we hope more people will participate in the future. This called recycle too.

How serious is the government on Dengue issues. Why not government tell public what actions have been taken beside reporting cases and compounding people. We need research.

Appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix, typically performed to cure appendicitis. It is one of the most common emergency surgical procedures. The appendix is a small, pouch-like cavity attached to your large intestine in the lower right part of your abdomen.

http://www.healthline.com/health/appendectomy#Appendicitis2

http://tube.medchrome.com/2012/07/open-appendectomy-operative-procedure.html

The Cameron Highland's environmental degradation, due to illegal clearing of the high-terrain, has been going on for decades. Over the years, there have been frequent mud flows, landslides and loss of lives. Land and its usage are exclusively state maters and the state is over-protective of this right. Why they cannot work together and one agency coordinate activities in Cameron Highlands. Refer to the experts for advice.