Piles are hemorrhoids that become inflamed. Hemorrhoids are masses, clumps, cushions of tissue in the anal canal - they are full of blood vessels, support tissue, muscle and elastic fibers. Piles can occur due to chronic constipation, chronic diarrhea, lifting heavy weights, pregnancy or straining when passing a stool. Constipation is a condition of the digestive system. The sufferer has hard feces that are difficult to expel. In most cases, this occurs because the colon has absorbed too much of the water from the food that is in the colon. The slower the food moves through your digestive tract, the more water the colon will absorb from food. Consequently, the feces become dry and hard. Defecation (emptying the bowels) can become very painful, and in some serious cases there may be symptoms of bowel obstruction. When the constipation is very severe; when the constipation prevents the passage of feces and gas, it is called obstipation. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150322.php
1. School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK. 2. Atmospheric & Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 3. Ehime University, Japan 4. Kagoshima University, Japan 5. Visiting Professor to Nicolas Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
NGO,
Malaysian Ecological Society (PEM) (President)
Malaysian Academic Association Congress (MAAC)
Malaysian Nature Society (President 2018-. Vice President 2012-2016)
Malaysian Zoological Society (Formerly was Council Member and Vice President)
Universiti Putra Malaysia Academic Associations (Past-President)
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